Catalytic Pyrolysis of Cabbage Waste Biomass using Fe-modified ZSM-5 Catalyst for Aromatic-rich Oil Production

Abstract

This study investigates the catalytic pyrolysis of cabbage waste biomass using Fe-modified ZSM-5 catalyst to produce aromatic-rich bio-oil. The research aims to enhance the yield and quality of bio-oil derived from cabbage waste by addressing common challenges in biomass pyrolysis, such as high oxygen content and low stability. The Fe-modified ZSM-5 catalyst was chosen for its ability to promote deoxygenation, cracking, and aromatization of biomass vapors. The experimental process involved feedstock characterization, catalyst preparation, and pyrolysis under controlled conditions, followed by product analysis using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the use of Fe-modified ZSM-5 significantly increased the aromatic yield, particularly benzene derivatives, while reducing the formation of oxygenated compounds. Co-pyrolysis with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) further enhanced bio-oil production, demonstrating the synergistic effects of combining biomass with plastic waste. This study provides valuable insights into the catalytic mechanisms at play and highlights the potential of Fe-modified ZSM-5 as a sustainable catalyst for converting cabbage waste into valuable aromatic chemicals and renewable fuels. The findings underscore the importance of developing efficient waste-to-energy technologies for a more sustainable and circular economy.